Recognition of Pain, Suffering and Distress

Being able to recognise animal pain, distress and suffering is an essential skill for anyone working with laboratory animals. We...

Quality of research data Pain and distress cause changes to the animal’s body systems, either directly or indirectly, and this...

Initial assessments In order to recognise any pain, distress and suffering, we need to recognise the positive signs of health...

Score sheets Careful records of what is abnormal in an animal, and also what is normal need to be made....

Once you have recognised signs of poor health or welfare, you need to take corrective action.  This requires that you...

Introduction The EU Directive and the national legislation (A(SP)A in the UK) requires you to avoid using death as an...

Often humane endpoints are set to prevent an animal exceeding the severity limits assigned to a particular research protocol. The...

Multiple procedures Although a judgement of the severity of a procedure may simply look at the most painful or distressing...