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An introduction to the recognition of pain, suffering and distress in laboratory animals

Being able to recognise animal pain, distress and suffering is an essential skill for anyone working with laboratory animals. We need to be able to do this in order to minimise the causes of poor welfare (i.e. to refine our procedures) either by applying humane endpoints, modifying the way we perform the procedure, or providing appropriate treatment of the problem.


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Updated on 12th May 2020

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